Domestic Violence Is A Risk Factor For Child Maltreatment

Domestic Violence. Domestic violence is a risk factor for child maltreatment. When discussing domestic violence, it is not strictly pertaining to physical violence, it can also be emotional abuse, psychological abuse, etc. It is not ideal for a child to be living in a house where there is violence because not only is there a chance of the child being physically harmed, there is also a chance of the child being harmed psychologically. Due to this, domestic violence can be a form of child endangerment because a child is placed in a dangerous environment. (McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 103). Emotional Neglect. â€Å"This type of neglect is defined as the failure to meet the child’s emotional needs† (McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 105). This type of neglect is†¦show more content†¦(McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 111-112). Abandonment. This is probably the most extreme act of neglect. Abandonment is â€Å"desertion, severing ties with and failing to support one’s own child† (McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 112). Incidence Rates and Consequences. Not all children can or will be negatively affected by neglect – they are essentially resilient. Being resilient means â€Å"being able to recover easily from difficult circumstances, bounce back and persevere, able to adjust to misfortune, and are adaptable† (McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 230). Unfortunately, not every child can be resilient and the consequences can severely impact the child growing up. When determining whether a child will be resilient or not, it is important to look at the duration of the neglect as well as the severity (McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 114). â€Å"A child’s experience of abuse and neglect during their developmental years poses a negative effect, not only physically, but also psychologically†¦ (Gibb Abela, 2008; Stirling Amaya-Jackson, 2008)† (Ban, J., Oh, I., 2016). For starters, in infancy, â€Å"young children are at risk of being diagnosed with NFTT (nonorganic failure to thrive) and are likely to display psychomotor delays during infancy and are at risk for continued growth problems, school failure, and mental retardation† (McCoy Keen, 2014, p. 114-115). Other consequences in infancy include: poor attachment; poor muscle tone; flat, bald spot on back of the head; lack of smiling andShow MoreRelatedThe Long Term Effects Of Child Maltreatment On Adult Survivors898 Words   |  4 PagesOF CHILD MALTREATMENT ON ADULT SURVIVORS Child maltreatment is a term that covers a broad spectrum of child mistreatment including, child abuse (physical, sexual, and emotional) and child neglect (emotional and physical). Long term effects of child maltreat vary depending on the severity of the abuse or neglect and the length of time that the child is exposed to the abuse (i.e. if it is a onetime event or ongoing chronic exposure). As Greeson, et al. (2011), points out, child maltreatment experiencesRead MoreChild Maltreatment Is A Serious And Global Issue Essay1153 Words   |  5 PagesAlliance, 2014). However, child maltreatment is not prevalent exclusively in North America. It is estimated that worldwide, almost 13 percent of children are sexually abused, almost 22 percent physically abused, 16 percent physically neglected, and over 18 percent emotionally neglected (Stoltenborgh, 2015). Severe consequences, such as impaired brain development, heart disease, poor attachment, depression, and anxiety, can be the result o f child abuse and neglect (Child Welfare Information GatewayRead MoreChild Abuse And Its Effect On Children1518 Words   |  7 PagesChild abuse is any sexual, physical or psychological mistreatment of a child. child abuse as any act or series of acts of omission or commission instituted by a parent or caregiver that directly results in harm or a threat of harm to the child in question. Child abuse can occur in a child s home, or in the organizations, schools or communities the child interacts with Child neglect is the failure, by a parent, guardian or caretaker, either intentionally or through negligence or inability, toRead More Child Maltreatment Essay2814 Words   |  12 PagesChild maltreatment is a widespread issue that affects thousands of children every year. There are four common types of child maltreatment; sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and neglect. All of these types of abuse are very serious and can have many consequences for the children and families. The most common consequence of severe child maltreatment is the removal of that child from their home (Benbenishty, Segev, Surkis, and Elias, 2002). Most social workers trying to determine theRead MoreSocial And Interpersonal Stressors Of The Immigrant Parent s Migration Experience Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesto help create a greater sense of mutual support among the community members. Loss of social support can result in anxiety and isolation which combined with other social stressors can heighten parental stress and therefore increases the risk for chid maltreatment. Changing family roles. Acculturation also entails the changing of family roles which includes but is not limited to changes in family functioning, gender roles and how families respond to conflict (Sabina, Cuevas Zadnik, 2015; CaplanRead MoreYouth Crime And Domestic Violence Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pages Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Name: Institution: Youth Crime and Domestic Violence Introduction Youth Crime has increased in New Zealand and although the prosecution has decreased the issue has attracted the attention of the members of the public. According to data from the Ministry of Justice (2015) the numbers of children between the ages of ten to thirteen and young people between the ages of fourteen and sixteen who are charged in court is lowest in over two decades. NonethelessRead MoreDomestic Violence, Maternal Depression, And Home Environment969 Words   |  4 Pagesthe previous studies, children living in domestic violent homes not only have to face the direct violence that is happening at the moment, but also have to face the indirect change that is brought after the violence has occurred. Using a sample of 100 women and their children ages 3-5, the study conducted by Huth-Bocks, Levendosky, and Semel (2001) examined maternal psychological functioning and its impact of the quality of the home environment in a domestic violent household. After observing theseRead More Child Abuse Is A Common And Sad Fate For Many Children Essay1558 Words   |  7 PagesChild abuse is a common and sad fate for many children today, statistics show that more than four children die every day because of child abuse. Abused children not only experience the effects of the abuse in childhood, but in adulthood as well. There are ways to detect child abuse and how you can help these children. ChildHelp.org stated that â€Å"Every year more than 3 million reports of child abuse are made in the United States.† Child abuse is a terrible epidemic that needs to be put to an endRead MoreEssay on Domestic Violence and the Effect It Has on Family1582 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks helpRead MoreAnimal Cruelty Is A Crime Against Humanity1246 Words   |  5 Pagesanimal cruelty as a Crime Against Humanity we must prove that society is ignoring the violence towards them despite the research eviden ce, the government sanctions mass killings of them, and that this type of violence affects humans on a large scale (Plant, Schaik, Gullone, Flynn 2016). Although dispositional factors such as empathy and aggression may influence animal cruelty, we must look at the environmental factors that lead to the negative effects from a macro-level perspective. In this analysis

The Uk Constitution And The United States - 1557 Words

Often the UK constitution is asserted to be the most unique in the world, as its sources are a piece of historical significance as they come from great British heritage. From the case of Jackson and others v Her Majesty’s Attorney General, Lord Steyn stated that ‘We do not in the UK have an uncontrolled constitution’. In general terms a person may judge the UK constitution to be uncontrolled due to it being unwritten, as it is derived from a wide range of sources. Which vary from common law to international treaties. However on the other side of the spectre, a written constitution is one like the USA’s, embodied into a single document. Putting aside the fact that the UK constitution is from a variety of different sources, it must be verified that it has worked successfully to this date from 1689 when ‘the supremacy of parliament over the crown’ was introduced, following the glorious revolution. It can also be said that, why would the UK const itution be classed as uncontrolled, if it has worked for hundreds of years and it is still going strong. A constitution is generally there for one purpose, it ‘sets out the framework and principal functions of the organs of government’ and by setting out these functions the UK has been growing and adapting. We in other words have an evolutionary constitution. If it ever came to a time where a written constitution was enacted, it would indeed disrupt the infrastructure of the UK as they are inflexible. Clear inflexibility is shown byShow MoreRelatedThe Uk s Constitution And The United States1485 Words   |  6 Pagesother Nations with a codified constitution, the UK has no single constitutional document- this means, she has no single constitutional document but whose main sources are, Acts of Parliament, Judicial decisions and Constitutional conventions. This essay looks at the features of the UK’s constitution, what a written constitution entails and whether or not it would be desirable for UK to embrace codification being the only European state with an unwritten constitution. There has never been a ‘constitutionalRead MoreThe United States And Uk Constitution1913 Words   |  8 Pagesinstitutions of state should be functionally independent and that no individual should have powers that span these offices. The principal institutions are usually taken to be the executive, the legislature and the judiciary.† Therefore, the organs of state as described by Montesquieu should operate separately order to successfully implement law and order to the UK. Comparing both the US and UK constitution, there are some very obvious differences. For example, the US has a written constitution whereasRead MoreThe Legal System Of The United Kingdom1000 Words   |  4 PagesThe legal systems of the United Kingdom and the United States share a number of obvious resemblances which stem from the history of the countries. Today, throughout England, Wales and Northern Ireland the primary legal system in place is still a Common Law system however the system in Scotland is a combination of both common law and civil law . A common law system will acquire the majority of its laws through past cases with inferior courts being bound by higher courts, in civil law systems thereRead MoreThe Constitutional System Within The United Kingdom1416 Words   |  6 Pagesand power of a government, but also state the relationship between government and individuals. Constitutionalism can be classified into two distinct categories: a codified written Constitutions (ie: United States), and an uncodified unwritten constitution (ie: United Kingdom). Some consider the UK constitution as a risk to the democratic society due to its flexibility and the chance of forming dictatorship. However, others believe that an uncodified constitution could be beneficial within a constantRead MoreThe Main Features Of The Uk1444 Words   |  6 Pagesquestion is whether or not the UK is in need of a codified constitution. The absence of a written constitution is peculiar in Europe , the UK is said to have a complex and comprehensive system of government which regulates the country. The purpose of this essay is to examine the present features of the UK s unwritten constitution in contrast with other European codified constitutions , an argument as to whether the United Kingdom is in need of a codified constitution will be formulated. This willRead MoreThe Constitution Of The United States Essay1455 Words   |  6 PagesThe constitution serves six purposes, by wh ich the people will attempt to: create a union, establish and maintain justice, maintain tranquility between our neighbors, provide for a common defense, promote the general welfare of the people and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity (Vile. 2015). The written constitution clearly limits the power of the government. Prohibiting the government from becoming dictators. The constitution of the United States clearly outlines howRead MoreEssay on Judicial Review980 Words   |  4 Pageschecks and balance step when concerning the government and the interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. Judicial review gives the court the power to review and change laws and government acts that violate the Constitution (Huq, n.d.). Allowing the court system this power helps prevent government officials from using the Constitution to illegally use their position in making laws and regulations in the United States. The judicial review was first used in an unusual way and under unusual circumstancesRead MoreComparative Law Report : United Kingdom And The United States1220 Words   |  5 PagesCOMPARATIVE LAW REPORT THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES CTEC 1412 COMPUTER ETHICS, LAW and PORTFOLIO RAJAT RAJPUT BSc Computer Science P15222274 CONTENT PAGE 1. Introduction 1.1 United Kingdom Jurisdiction 1.2 United States Jurisdiction 2. Main Body (comparison) 2.1 The Constitution 2.2 Creating Laws 2.3 The Lawyers 2.4 The Jury 3. Conclusion 4. References 1. INTRODUCTION: 1.1 The United Kingdom Jurisdiction: The United Kingdom of Great Britain andRead MoreSeparation of Powers in the Uk Essay1464 Words   |  6 Pageswithin a constitution. Particular emphasis will be placed on identifying how this idea is incorporated into the United Kingdom’s (UK) constitution and the effect that recent developments of constitutional reform such as the introduction of the UK Supreme Court in place of the House of Lords has had. The doctrine of the separation of powers is an idea that can be seen in writings as far back as the time of Aristotle. This concept states that any constitution relies on the ‘three pillars of state’ whichRead MoreThe First Year Of The Magna783 Words   |  4 Pagesdebate of whether or not it is time for the UK to adopt a written constitution has resurfaced, paving way for contrasting arguments relating to the need for modernisation in the 21st century, against the need to retain tradition. It must be mentioned that for the purposes of this discussion the term ‘unwritten’ is in the context that the UK constitution is not recorded onto a single codified document. While not presented onto a single document the constitution is ’written’, and as appropriately stated

Modern and Ancient Interpretations of Xerxes free essay sample

It’s difficult to make a judgment of Xerxes character and effectiveness as a King since there is a bias in a majority of these sources. Ancient Persian Ancient Persian sources are mostly inscriptions and reliefs found in Persepolis though there are also inscriptions found in other parts of the Persian Empire. An example are the Daiva inscriptions â€Å"A great god is Ahuramazda, who created this earth †¦ who made Xerxes king, one king of many, one lord of many†. This states that Ahuramazda made Xerxes king and supports Xerxes. It emphasizes his right to rule through divine sanctions. In many bas-reliefs Xerxes is much larger than his counterparts. The size of the king, the robes he wears, his position, the number of servants, etc. are designed to emphasis his importance. Xerxes is always larger than the people around him, which aided his image as a capable ruler and great king. An example is the Apadana reliefs. Also, inscriptions found near Persepolis present Xerxes as the most capable of Darius’ sons: â€Å" While there were other sons of his Darius my father, after himself me he made great. Other reliefs portray Xerxes as a great hunter, hero and warrior. Its important to note that Xerxes used reliefs and inscriptions as propaganda tools and to maintain control of his empire as â€Å"King of Kings†, therefore, making ancient Persian sources biased and only portraying Xerxes in a positive light. Herodotus Herodotus was an ancient historian born just after the reign of Xerxes. In his book The Histories, Herodotus doesn’t attack Xerxes but describes him in two ways. Firstly, a typical King whose subjects feared him and secondly, a ruler punished by the gods for his arrogant use of power. Herodotus uses the bridging of Hellespont and destroying the Greek temples as examples of Xerxes arrogance. Herodotus also writes about instances of Xerxes being short tempered. Examples of this are: -A man named Pythius asks Xerxes to release his eldest son from the army and have his other four sons stay in the army. Xerxes gets angry and has Pythius’ eldest son cut in half and orders the army to march between the two halves. -Another example is Xerxes having the engineers of the Hellespont Bridge executed after the bridge was destroyed. This is contradicted by ancient Persian archaeological sources where Xerxes claims that he is â€Å"not hot tempered†¦I am ruling firmly over my own will† Aeschylus The Persians Aeschylus’ The Persians is an Athenian tragedy with a moral purpose designed to reaffirm the power of the Greek gods. In the play, Xerxes’ invasion of Greece is presented as an example of hubris or excessive pride, which must be punished by the gods. Xerxes actions lead to the downfall of his empire and the demoralization of Xerxes. The Persians was written for a Greek audience so naturally it is biased and inconsistent. Modern historians present Xerxes in a less biased light however; they share differing opinions on his success as a king and as a military commander. Olmsted states, â€Å"Against one military failure†¦must be placed a whole series of victories†. Victories include Xerxes extensive building programs and swift suppression of Egyptian and Babylonian revolts. Olmsted also presents a negative image of Xerxes toward the end of his reign, stating that his failed expansion into Greece carried â€Å"deadly consequences. † Olmsted presents Xerxes as a good king, planner and architect but a failed military commander. Callender Another modern historian is Callender who presents Xerxes in a very positive and favorable light. She states Xerxes was a â€Å"decisive leader† through the suppression of the Egyptian and Babylonian revolts and that Xerxes preparations for the invasion of Greece allowed him to â€Å"reveal himself as a superb and careful strategist and planner. † Although this may be true, Callender fails to take into account the outcome of the Persian wars and evidence from sources except ancient Persian. 300 300 is a 2006 American action film based on the battle of Thermopylae (show excerpt). In the film Xerxes has multiple piercings and jewelry, barely wearing any clothes, bald, above average height and is quite feminine. Obviously, this is inaccurate since according to ancient Persian archaeological sources and Herodotus Xerxes had hair, a beard, was average height and wore clothes. In 300, Xerxes is a demigod (half god), which is why he is bigger than Leonidas the Spartan king. 300 was banned in many middle-eastern countries one of the reasons being its portrayal of the Persians. There were monsters and demons fighting in the Persian army and some people interpreted the portrayal of Xerxes as homosexual. One night with the King – the story of Esther One night with the King is a 2006 film based on the biblical story of Esther, who risked her life by approaching the king to request that he save the Jewish people. (Show excerpt) In the film Xerxes is portrayed as being just and merciful, slow to anger. â€Å" Like a true Persian don’t judge a man before the good and all the bad have been weighed. † There isn’t a lot about Xerxes in the book of Esther but what is there portrays Xerxes in a positive light. While we were doing this assessment we did some research into whether Xerxes I was the same Xerxes from the book of Esther. The name ‘Xerxes’ was only recently used in newer editions of the bible, originally it was Ahasuerus. Ancient Persian kings had multiple names, which makes it difficult to know which king was known by the name ‘Ahasuerus’ because different sources state different names. 19th century bible commentaries say it was Xerxes. The Greek bible or Septuagint and ancient Jewish historian, Flavius Josephus, says the book of Esther refers to Artaxerxes (Xerxes son). Other historians say it was Artaxerxes II while others believe it was someone completely different. Modern scholars are uncertain; so you have to make up your own mind about it.

The Good Corn Essay Example For Students

The Good Corn Essay In 1974, shortly after the publication of his last novel he passed away. I will now explain the two stories in more detail. Turned is about a rich, childless family called the Marrroners. Mr Marroner appears loving and friendly Mr. Marroner had frankly admired her but is driven by social pressure and is held to his conservative constraints. When his wife left him without his knowledge he could not bear to ask, do you know where my wife is? Mrs Marroner, his wife, is intelligent and well educated but not really content living an oppressed lifestyle. She suffers through social class; the main point in the story is that of Mr Marroners emotional progression and the change of her opinions, ignoring her feelings now as she had before ignored her thoughts. The structure of the stories, Turned and The Good Corn is very similar. Both involve what appears to be a happy, strong relationship; Mr Marroner is quoted to send- long, loving, frequent letters. Mr Mortimer is supportive of his wifes mental discrepancies, in conversation to a doctor, he appears caring, stating: It upsets me to see her break her heart like that and such. We will write a custom essay on The Good Corn specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now It becomes apparent that this is not the case. The male impregnates the family servant or labourer and a resolve is met. The most important difference between the two short stories is the resolve. Paragraph Four: The Good Corn is set on a farm in rural England. Throughout the story the author utilises the backdrop as a theme, using metaphors about the family farm. The relationship between Mr. Marroner and Elsie and the eventual pregnancy is reflected by imagery of nature. The state of pregnancy is constantly shown through natural images. The theme of nature is also very important to the story line of the story. Pregnancy is considered the most natural event to occur in ones life and for Elsie this is very true. For Mrs Marroner however, getting pregnant is not easy, this is unnatural and her psychological state reflects this. Turned is set in a rich American household, the opposite to The Good Corn, urban people. The story challenges the clichi of success and money results in happiness. (more) Both stories are very different structurally. The Good Corn utilises a chronological system whereas Turned is portrayed through flashbacks. The themes of the stories have great relevance to the structural devices used. The apparent reason behind the structure of The Good Corn is the recurring theme of nature. The rhythm of the piece is natural and thus the simple structure. Turned appears to be more emotionally complex and this again is reflected by the structure. (Turned-flashbacks, change, emotions, forgotten past) Charlotte Perkins Gilman was a strong feminist; she believed in emancipation and rights for women. The characters and resolve used in Turned reflect her left-wing conceptions. Mr Marroner is a strong willed and independent women, these traits are both very similar Charlotte Perkins Gilmans own and are that of a role model, the character also relates to the authors opinion on womens relationship in society, she believes they deserve more provenance. (quote). Elsie is vulnerable and naive but needs understanding; this understanding is provided by the strong female figure, Mrs Marroner. Again, it is a left wing obligation to care for others in spite of their position and their past. Mr Marroner is selfish and arrogant; this is the view of males that Charlotte believes and has chosen to present. The authors reasons for all of these characters are quite obvious (explain). (Women stay together) H. E Bates however,(research than do) Turned ends without a clear resolve, it is left open ended. The Good Corn reaches a positive, traditional resolve. 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EssayTom Foot Yr 11 english 30/04/07 \\Classlink\TFOOT$\My Documents\My Work\turned. doc.

Gender Arguments Essays

Gender Arguments Essays Gender Arguments Essays Ashley Kenar Ellyn Lem English 102 May 11, 2015 Paper 5 Gender Wrongs What makes a boy a traditional boy or what makes a girl a traditional girl? Genetics are what classifies male and female. That pesky little Y chromosome has shaped the way gender has been perceived. What if everyone live in an alternate universe where feminine articles were manly and manly articles were feminine? To some people this makes their blood boil, or even leave an uneasy feeling in their stomach. Fashion scholar Valerie Steele who is the director of the museum at the Fashion Institute Technology states that â€Å"in the 18th century, it was perfectly masculine for a man to wear a pink silk suit with floral embroidery [†¦] it was considered slightly masculine as a diminutive of red, which was thought to be a ‘warlike’ color.† Overtime colors have switched so now blue is masculine while pink is geared towards women. People have clung to a specific gender, but in reality, not everyone feels the need to abide to the classification of male or female. Afte r researching this topic objectively for the last two months, there have been many arguments that support people following gender norms. Let’s break that norm. Who doesn’t like a little deviance? We have been a country that has valued the idea of freedom and individuality. What happens when people get their rights taken away? They revolt, riot, petition, or go out of their way to get their freedoms back. So since many people have forced individuals to

Energy Infrastructure and Security U.S.

Energy Infrastructure and Security U.S. Today, the U.S. is the largest energy consumer and importer in the world. According to Klare, three factors play significant role in U.S. foreign policy: energy, environment and the world economy (2009, p. 48). As the country addicted to oil, the U.S. has to develop the new ways of its production and supply from the different regions; therefore, the U.S. foreign and military policies are driven by the increasing needs for oil.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Energy Infrastructure and Security U.S. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The modern economy cannot develop without an appropriate supply of energy. Therefore, the international relations are directed by the problems of oil demands and its supply. According to Farrell et al., â€Å"the theme of energy infrastructure and security appears in more general studies of national security and warfare† (p. 3). The following steps had been taken by the U.S. gove rnment in order to secure energy facilities and supplies and global oil chokepoints around the world. An understanding of significance of energy supply caused the attempt to destroy the German and Japanese energy infrastructures during the World War II. As the country consumed about 1/3 of the total oil reserve during the World War II, the government had to find another sources. In 1945, President Roosevelt offered Saudi Arabia the help of the U.S. forces in return of the Saudi oil (Klare, 2008). During the Cold War, the major forces of the United States and the Soviet Union were focused on the nuclear energy system’s development. At the same period, both countries wanted to prevent a large-scale nuclear war. The government had to be ready to rebuild the economy after the possible damages. Thus, â€Å"many electricity generators were expected to survive an urban-focused strike, but transmission system were expected to be largely destroyed, as were petroleum refining and ship ping facilities† (Farrell et al., p. 3). In order to protect the energy infrastructure, the scientists developed measures which should be used in critical situation. Energy system as the most vulnerable sector had to be protected, including the protection of all infrastructural elements such as plants, storages, pipelines, etc. Production of the renewable energy sources and flexibility of energy shipment system had been considered as the most effective methods. According to Farrell et al., the energy security included the use of â€Å"cooling towers at electric power plants could conceivably be used in a deliberate attack as a means of dispersing biological or chemical agents† (p. 8). Besides, construction of the hydroelectric dams could help to store energy produces with the use of water power.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Possible damage of the use of large electromagnetic pulses (EMP) could â€Å"induce instantaneous voltages of hundreds of thousands of volts in conductors, creating very large disruptions in electric power systems and destroying electrical equipment components such as motors, backup generators, and microprocessors† (Farrell et al., p. 8). Clifton supposes that the danger of use of the electromagnetic pulses today and in the nearest future is significant (2011). Terrorists can use this method in order to destroy the facilities and energy infrastructure. EMP attack can include the detonation of a nuclear warhead; therefore, the US government develops the system of defence. However, it is obvious that the damage of use of the nuclear weapons cannot be predicted. In this situation, it is necessary to prevent and stop the possible creation and use of the nuclear energy as a weapon. Clifton cites the Center for Security Policy that indicates that â€Å"a dire warning that an EMP attack could kill nine out of ten Americans†. Obviously, such fears drive the foreign policy of the country. Today, as the world faces the problem of creation of the nuclear weapons by Iran, the US government claims about this danger in the United Nations. In order to prevent the large-scale conflict, the United States has to improve and strengthen its security infrastructure that was created in order to protect country during the Cold War. A member of Republican Party Cain says about such counter urgent threats as â€Å"stop Iran from developing nuclear weapons, fix border security – for real, shield us against Cyber and Electro-magnetic Pulse (EMP) attacks† (Clifton, 2011). Such threats are the part of his Foreign Policy National Security Pillars. One can notice that the US foreign policy towards Iran has to be developed. This issue is complicated and has a number of particular aspects that should be carefully investigated. According to the US Department of Energy, the nationa l energy infrastructure requires the use of modern technologies that should improve the current position (2001). There are various areas that should be improved such as protection of pipelines, oil refineries and energy transportation infrastructure. Obviously, the United States is the oil-dependent country and its foreign policy in the Middle East is motivated by the needs of the access to the local oil reserves. After the end of the Cold War, the U.S. foreign policy became concentrated on the Persian Gulf with its huge oil reserves. The military presence of the U.S. army is important measure that should help improve the process of democratic changes and prevent the disruption of oil sources. In the film Blood and Oil by Michael Klare the U.S. foreign policy is present as a simple search for oil no matter of the price, including the human lives. Klare says that after 1945, the U.S. foreign policy had been concentrated on the search of the access to the energy reserves around the wo rld (2009).Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Energy Infrastructure and Security U.S. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Obviously, the country had to provide an adequate energy supply to its industries and citizens; however, as the result, there was a problem of overvalue of fuels and underestimation of human life. The Middle East can be considered as the most important geographical region which, on one hand, can affect the U.S. security, as it happened on September 11, 2001, and, on the other hand, provides the possibility to get the energy reserves needed for the U.S. industries and daily life. When in 2003 the US government suspected Iraq of development of chemical weapons, the foreign policy consolidated its main forces in order to prevent possible threats and damage of use of this king of weapons. In fact, the main reason of this War was Iraqi oil reserves. According to Richardson, â€Å"most international t rade in goods – over 80% of the total – is carried by sea† (2007). US Department of Energy claimed that The Hormuz strait in the Middle East is the most important chokepoint. In order to protect national and commercial interests in this area, the US sends ships and naval forces to this region. In 2007, when the threats of Iran occurred, â€Å"US officials were seeking to tighten financial sanctions on Iran and were openly accusing Iranian paramilitary forces of siding with Shiite militia factions in Iraq to attack US troops† (Richardson, 2007). Two US aircrafts carriers and associated warships were sent to the region in order to control this area and prevent the danger of military conflict. In 1980, President Jimmy Carter claimed about the necessity to use the military forces in order to protect the access to Middle Eastern oil (Klare, 2009). In recent years, the foreign policy of the U.S. includes the revolutions and conflicts arisen in the Middle East. F or instance, after the revolution in Libya in 2011, the United States got an access to the Libyan oil reserves. The national Defense Council Foundation indicates that the overall money spent on oil-defence securities was 137 billion dollars in 2007, comparing to 50 billion dollars in 2002 (Klare, 2009). Man power is one of the steps that US takes in order to protect this territory. Today, the U.S. naval forces patrol and protect â€Å"about 2.5 million square miles of water, including the Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Red Sea, Gulf of Oman and parts of the Indian Ocean† (Richardson, 2007). Together with other countries such as Pakistan, Singapore, Japan and European nations, the US forces control the Middle East oil reserves and the ways of its transportation. Checkpoint insecurity in the Middle East can lead to the serious problems and economical loss, therefore, the U.S. wants to improve the democratic situation in this region. In order to promote democracy abroad, the US sold iers provide common training programs with local military groups in Afghanistan and Iraq. At the same time, the presence of the U.S. forces in the region can guarantee that the influence of the U.S policy on the other countries’ governments will increase. The U.S. forces help other countries and, as the result, the United States get their support and gain allies. Cross-cultural training programs can increase the level of understanding of the current problems between local military forces, citizens and the US forces.Advertising Looking for term paper on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In return of the military help, the United States can get not only access to the oil reserves, but also the allies who will support the US policy on the international level. Although the presidential candidates discusses about the necessity of bringing home the U.S. military forces in Iraq, this oil-rich area is still used as the oil supplier. Thereby, the U.S. military forces provide training programs for the Iraqi soldiers, helping the local citizens to improve the protection measures. The U.S. Army uses the light and swift forces and the communicational facilities which help in the coordination. Besides, they use hundreds of aircrafts and satellite-mounted sensors. Iraq increased the oil production after the U.S. forces arrived to the country. According to the statistics of International Energy Agency, â€Å"crude oil production capacity in Iraq is set to increase by 1.87 million barrels per day (mb/d) between 2010 and 2016† (2011). However, at the same time, â€Å"warns of potential risks to this production increase in Iraq, notably the withdrawal of US troops and fears of escalating instability as insurgency bombing increases† (International Energy Agency, 2011). According to Cummins, the U.S. government has already committed 277 million dollars for energy infrastructure protection (2007). In fact, such programs are driven by the desire to control the present area and to protect the special access to the oil reserves by the U.S. Reference List Clifton, E. (2011). Far-Fetched EMP Doomsday Part of Cain And Gingrich Foreign Policy Platforms. Retrieved from lobelog.com/far-fetched-emp-doomsday-part-of-cain-and-gingrich-foreign-policy-platforms/ Cummins, C. (17 November, 2007). U.S. Digs In to Guard Iraq Oil Exports, Wall Street Journal, p. 7. Farrell, A. E., Zerriffi, H. Dowlatabadi, H. (2004). Energy Infrastructure and Security. Ann. Rev. Environ. Resour., vol. 29. Retrieved from green-erg.com/documents/Energy_Infra_security.pdf International Energy Agency. (2011). Iraq’s oil production capacity is forecast to increase sharply over next five years. Retrieved from iea.org/index_info.asp?ID=2335 Klare, M. T. (2008). Blood and Oil. Retrieved from bloodandoilmovie.com/download/Blood_and_Oil_EPK.pdf Klare, M. T. (2009). The New Foreign Policy Agenda: Energy, the Environment, and the Global Economy. In R. M. Lloyd (Ed.), William B. Ruger Chair of national Security Economics Papers, Number 4: American Foreign Policy: Regional Perspectives (pp. 47-54). US, Newport: Naval War College. Richardson, M. (2007). Asia’s Middle East Oil Dependence: Chokepoints on a Vital Maritime Supply Line. Retrieved from iseas.edu.sg/tr12007.pdf US Department of Energy. (2001). America’s Energy Infrastructure: A Comprehensive Delivery System. Retrieved from netl.doe.gov/publications/press/2001/nep/chapter7.pdf

A Historical Analysis of Ibne Sinas Life and Contributions to Modern Essay

A Historical Analysis of Ibne Sinas Life and Contributions to Modern Science - Essay Example As a physical, Avicenna is well-known for his book the Canon (al-Qanun fi’l-Tibb). This book had played a crucial role in pre-modern medical education in both Europe and in Medieval Islamic Empire. Also Avicenna’s philosophical book â€Å"summa the Cure† (al-Shifa’) was also influential in European scholasticism. It is believed that â€Å"Summa the Cure† once heavily influenced the famous western philosopher Thomas Aquinas. As a philosopher, Avicenna’s success lies in the fact that he had been able to find out an interrelation between one’s belief in God and man’s existential being. So, Avicenna can be assumed to be the foremost Islamic philosophic thinker. The theoretical space that he provides for God as the Essential Being necessarily builds up the groundwork for his â€Å"theories of the soul, intellect and cosmos† (Goodman 43). Indeed, he successfully articulated that God is necessarily the foundation or origin of al l the tangible and intangible existence of this universe. Avicenna, the famous Muslim philosopher and physician, was born in a village named Qishlak Afshona in Uzbekistan (which was then called Bukhara) in 980 AD. His mother Setareh was a traditional housewife fro Bukhara and his father, Abdullah was a well-honored Islamic scholar who came to Bukhara from Balkh which was a famous city of the Samanid Empire.